Pseudonapomyza atra (Meigen, 1830)
According to Spencer, 1973 the external appearance is similar to Pseudonapomyza europaea but the male genitalia are distinctive.
IMPORTANT CHARACTERS
Adults
Wing length: 1.3 - 1.7 mm. Acrostichals more numerous in females. Dc slightly increasing in lengths, posterior one is the longest. Egg surrounded by a relatively broad shining dark frame.
Male terminalia
Hypandrium of intermediate size, rather thin but widened near the junctions to the gonites and epandrium. Epandrium from lateral view long with blunt apices; surstyli missing but sclerotized, inner parts at apices of epandrium present. Ejaculatory apodeme large. Distiphallus large, strongly sclerotized and with complex structure.
Immature stages
Posterior spiracles with about 7 bulbs, On the segments are characteristic rows of long spines (Pseu atra puparium.pct).
BIONOMICS
Leaf mine normally at apex of leaf, short, narrow but deep.
HOST PLANTS
Avena sativa L. (oats), Hordeum vulgare L. (barley), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat), also an unknown number of wild grasses.
DISTRIBUTION
Central Europe, eastern and northern border of distribution not known.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
Known as feeding on cultivated cereals but not known as serious pest.